Application of water driven smoke exhauster

Abstract: The water driven smoke extractor is powered by pressure water to drive the turbine. It can quickly start the smoke exhaust operation. It has light weight, good power, high reliability, large amount of smoke, and outstanding explosion-proof effect.

Keywords: water-driven smoke exhauster; mobile smoke exhauster ; maintenance

American Elite PPV Water Drive Smoke Extractor

 

The water driven smoke extractor is driven by pressure water as the power to drive the turbine, and the smoke exhausting operation can be quickly started. The pressure water used by the turbine is taken from the fire truck, the hand lift pump or the fixed water supply device through the fire hose, and the amount of smoke is large. With high reliability, light weight, good power, and outstanding explosion-proof effect, it is a commonly used equipment for firefighting forces.

1 Poisoning of fire smoke

1.1 Poisoning

Smoke contains a variety of toxic gases, which can easily cause death from poisoning.

1.2 High temperature

In a burning room, the temperature of flue gas can reach several hundred degrees, even as high as one thousand degrees or more, and can cause human body burns, dehydration, central failure and respiratory system damage.

1.3 shading

The particle size of smoke particles in fire smoke is generally larger than the wavelength of visible light, which has a shielding effect on visible light, resulting in greatly reduced visibility, which is not conducive to evacuation and search and rescue.

1.4 Hypoxia

The oxygen content in the flue gas is often lower than the value required by people's normal physiological conditions, which can easily cause the human muscle activity to decline. Severe conditions can cause fainting.

1.5 Dust

Suspended particles in the smoke can enter the lungs and adhere to the alveolar walls, causing direct damage to humans.

2 Classification of mobile smoke exhauster

Fire fighting units at home and abroad are currently using mobile smoke exhausters that emit smoke from fire sites. According to power sources, they can be divided into gasoline engines, electric motors, hydraulic drives, and gas drives.

2.1 Electric smoke exhauster

The amount of smoke can reach 10 000m3/h or so, can withstand the exhaust smoke at high temperatures, the motor speed is high, start quickly. However, a large starting current is required to limit the number of applications, which cannot be used without a power supply or in a flammable or explosive location.

2.2 Gasoline Engine Drive Smoke Extractor

The power is usually between 2kW and 5kW . The gasoline engine is used as the power source. The mobility is good and the quality is small. It is convenient to move smoke in the fire. However, its low power, the amount of positive pressure exhaust smoke is generally around 5 000m3 / h , long-term use is prone to oil spills and half-way flameout, and poor explosion-proof performance.

2.3 pneumatic smoke machine

The air source is connected with the exhaust fan through the air pipe, power converter, and the air source can be placed away from flammable and explosive locations. The power source can use an inflatable cylinder, an external air pump , or even directly connect with the air pump of the mobile pneumatic vehicle. Due to the influence of the air supply pressure of the pneumatic smoke exhauster, the amount of smoke discharged is not large, and the positive pressure exhaust capacity is 4 000 m3/h~12 000 m3/h .

2.4 Water Drive Smoke Extractor

Directly connected to fixed fire hydrants, fire engines, or low and medium pumps, using pressurized water as a power source for smoke extraction , with a positive exhaust capacity of 15 000m3/h~30000m3/h , which is a common mobile smoke machine currently used by the fire brigade. .

3 advantages of water-driven smoke exhauster

One of the important criteria for measuring the smoke exhauster is the power source, the second is the amount of smoke, the third is the weight of the fuselage, the power source is related to the timely use of the fire, the size of the amount of smoke related to the effect of smoke, the body weight is Emphasis on the flexibility of the operation on the fire field and the requirements of firefighters' physical consumption. The water-driven smoke exhauster directly uses pressure water as power, the power source is easy to use and has high reliability, and at the same time, it can use the discharged water to cool, absorb heat, dilute, and eliminate smoke. Such equipment is small in size, light in weight, and air volume. Large, mobile, simple operation, suitable for fire and rescue, underground construction, windowless construction, chemicals, manufacturing and other areas, safe explosion-proof, can quickly expel flammable and explosive gas in dangerous places, through the smoke to improve visibility, It is convenient for rapid rescue and rescue, and it will provide the greatest protection for firefighters.

4 Use of water driven smoke exhauster

4.1 negative pressure smoke extraction

The water-driven smoke extractor can be used in conjunction with a smoke exhaust duct to conduct negative pressure extraction at the smoke outlet. In the early stage of the fire, it can effectively ensure the safety of evacuation and material transfer in non-fired areas or areas. In the later stage of fire clean-up, it can guide the smoke out of the building to the outside of the fire and accelerate the progress of the fire clean-up. Negative pressure ventilation is not affected by external meteorological conditions and building thermal pressure, and the effect of smoke exhaust is relatively stable, while the effect of exhaust smoke will be greatly reduced during the fierce combustion stage, and the equipment's high temperature performance is also limited.

4.2 Positive pressure ventilation

The use of a smoke evacuator in a fire is more frequent in the use of positive pressure ventilation, and sufficient fresh air is delivered at the required smoke exit points for offensives, evacuation passages, etc., so that it can maintain pressure higher than other parts of the building and can create personnel safety. Evacuate the tunnel so that firefighters can be in a safe state of smokeless airflow, creating conditions for finding fire sources and rescue, but the supplement of fresh air will facilitate the development of fire, and it may also cause the smoke to spread rapidly to the entire space. Therefore, the firefighters should pay close attention to the time from the air outlet to the fire site at the same time as sending air, search and rescue the trapped people, and find a fire point to quickly extinguish the fire. At present, positive pressure ventilation is considered to be the safest and most reliable method of smoke exhaustion at home and abroad and is widely used.

4.3 Joint use with other equipment

In practical applications, when the smoke is exhausted in a fire place with a relatively large space or a deeper depth, the work of a smoke evacuator cannot always meet the requirement for smoke exhaustion. In this case, two or more smoke evacuation machines need to be used in parallel. Work, or in conjunction with a spray gun , to increase the amount of smoke, use the spray water to achieve the effect of both fire and smoke.

5 water-driven smoke machine maintenance

1 ) After each use, remove the dirt from the inlets and shrouds in time, open the drain valve at the bottom of the turbine to drain excess water, and close the control valve. Lubricate the fan bearings regularly. Rinse the internal water channel of the component with clean water.

2 ) Check the cleaning filter regularly to prevent the turbine from malfunctioning due to clogging. When installing the filter on the inlet swivel, do not overtighten. Excessive force may cause thread damage.

3 ) The grounding device of the fan should be strictly maintained and preserved.

4 ) Periodically check if the connection parts are firm and reliable and fix all loose firmware in time.

5 ) When the fan starts, it can only be placed in a firm and vertical position. It is forbidden to move the fan during operation.

6 ) After use, check whether the clearance between the impeller and the casing is appropriate; whether the impeller blades are worn, fouled, or uneven in quality, avoid vibration caused by imbalance of the impeller. In addition to the blades, noise and vibration of any part of the equipment should be immediately shut down for inspection.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.