Safety of power conversion equipment for photovoltaic power generation systems - Part 1: General requirements

1 Scope and purpose

1.1 Scope

This specification applies to power conversion equipment (PCE) used in photovoltaic (PV) systems with a unified safety technology requirement. This specification defines the minimum requirements for the design and production of PCE to prevent electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards.

The general requirements proposed by this specification apply to all types of PVPCE. The specific requirements for specific types of power conversion equipment will be specified in other parts of this series of standards, such as Part 2 - Inverters. These additional standards will be released as new products and technologies are commercialized.

1.1.1 Equipment to which this specification applies

This specification applies to PCEs in systems connected to a maximum PV source circuit voltage of up to 1500 VDC. These devices can also be connected to AC power circuits or systems where the AC load circuit does not exceed 1000 VAC, or to other DC sources or load circuits such as batteries. This specification can also be applied to PCE's auxiliary equipment unless there are more suitable standards.

1.1.2 Equipment not covered by this specification

This specification does not currently apply to systems that use wind turbines and other rotating machines as power sources.

Special-purpose power conversion equipment may need to add some requirements, such as for use in explosive gas atmospheres (see IEC 60079, explosive gases), aircraft, marine equipment, medical electronics (see IEC 60601, medical electronics), and altitudes above 2000m Equipment such as.

1.2 purpose

1.2.1 The purpose of this specification

The purpose of this code requirement is to ensure that the equipment is designed and manufactured in such a way as to provide sufficient protection for the operator and the surrounding area from the following hazards:

a) Electric shock and energy hazard;

b) mechanical hazards;

c) high temperature danger;

d) The risk of equipment fire spreading;

e) Chemical dangers;

f) Sound pressure danger;

g) Flammable liquids, gases and explosion hazards.

Note: Maintenance personnel should have the necessary knowledge and skills, and can take appropriate measures to deal with the hazards of equipment operation, maintenance and maintenance. Under this premise, this specification only puts forward some restrictive requirements (such as signs and warnings) to protect maintenance personnel, because some potential hazards are not obvious to trained people.

1.2.2 Purpose not covered by this Code

The purpose of this specification does not include the following:

a) Functional reliability, performance and other non-security related attributes of the equipment;

b) the effectiveness of transport packaging;

c) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements;

d) National and local laws and regulations on equipment installation requirements.

2 Normative Reference Standards

The clauses in the following documents have become the provisions of this Code through references in this Code. For dated references, subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this specification; however, parties that have reached an agreement based on this specification are encouraged to study whether they can use the latest of these documents. version. For undated references, the latest edition applies to this specification.

EN 50102:1995 Electrical equipment enclosures to external mechanical stress protection class (IK code)

GB 4208-2008 enclosure protection class (IP code)

GB/T 2423 (All) Environmental Testing for Electrical and Electronic Products Part II: Test Methods

GB/T 17626 (all) electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology

GB/T 11918 plugs and sockets for industrial use - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60027 alphabetical symbols for electrical technology

General part of GB/T 17045 electric shock protection device and equipment

GB/T 3805 Extra Low Voltage (ELV) Limits

GB/T 12113 Contact current and protective conductor current measurement method

General requirements for GB/Z 6829 residual current operation protectors

GB 16916.1 Residual current operated circuit-breakers without overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB) Part 1: General rules

GB/T 5465.2 Graphical symbols for electrical equipment. Part 2: Graphical symbols

Insulation coordination of equipment in GB/T 16935 low-voltage system

JISC 8282 Household and Similar Use Plug and Socket Ports

Safety of GB 4943 Information Technology Equipment

GB/T 16935.3 Insulation coordination for equipment in low-voltage systems. Part 3: Anti-fouling protection by coating, potting and moulding

GB/T 16927.1 High-pressure test technology Part 1: General test requirements

Insulation coordination of GB 311.1 high voltage transmission and transformation equipment

GB/T 311.2 Insulation coordination - Part 2: Guidelines for the use of insulation mating for high-voltage transmission and transformation equipment

GB/T 1406 lamp type and size

GB/T 5169.11 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11: Glow/hot wire basic test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for finished products

GB 8898 audio, video and similar electronic equipment safety requirements

JGG 188 Sound Level Meter Verification Procedure

GB/T 5169.21 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 21: Unusual hot ball pressure test

GB/T 11026 (series) electrical insulation material heat resistance

Comparison of GB/T 4207 Solid Insulating Materials Compared to Tracer Index and Tracer Resistance Index in Moist Conditions

IEC 61730-2 Photovoltaic (PV) Component Safety Qualification - Part 2: Test Requirements

GB/T 19000 Quality Management System Foundation and Terminology

GB/T 3768 Acoustics - Sound pressure method for the determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Simple method using envelope-measuring surfaces above reflective surfaces

GB/T 16404 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity methods - Part 1: Measurements at discrete points

Determination of Tensile Properties of GB/T 1040 (Series) Plastics

GB/T 9341 Determination of Plastic Bending Properties

Determination of impact properties of GB/T 1043 plastic simple beam

Determination of impact strength of GB/T 1843 plastic cantilever beam

ISO 8256 Plastics - Determination of tensile impact strength

3 Terms and Definitions

This specification uses the following definitions.

Note: When the two definitions of "voltage" and "current" are used, they shall mean valid values ​​unless otherwise specified.

3.1

Accessible

Use standard contact probes as described in 7.3.4.

3.2

Barrier

Parts that provide protection from direct contact from the normal direction of contact, or prevent the spread of flame.

3.3

Basic insulation basic insulation

Insulation for basic protection against electric shock under non-fault conditions.

Note: Basic insulation may also be used for functional purposes.

3.4

Battery type

The chemistry of the battery (eg, lead-acid) and type (eg, liquid, gel, etc.), or the type of battery pack that is intended to be connected to the PCE.

3.5

Package battery battery-sealed

A battery that cannot add water or electrolyte and its structure can prevent the liquid or gas from leaking out during normal use.

3.6

Batteryless battery-non-sealed

There are covers or other measures for adding a battery of water and/or electrolyte.

3.7

Valve Regulator Battery battery-valve regulated

Packaged batteries that can release excessive pressure under abnormal conditions.

3.8

Clearance Clearance

The shortest spatial distance between two conductive parts.

3.9

Closed electrical operating area

Room or area where electrical equipment is used. This area is clearly marked with appropriate warning signs. Only personnel with relevant skills or special training are allowed to enter, and the door must be opened with a key or tool or the barrier must be removed before entering.

3.10

Comparing tracking index (CTI)

The voltage required for the sample to form a permanent conductive carbon path after undergoing 50 drops of electrolyte at a drop rate of 30 seconds as determined under the conditions specified in IEC 60112 (ASTM D 3638-85).

3.11

Creepage distance

The shortest distance between two conductive parts along the surface of the insulating material.

3.12

Decisive voltage

The decision voltage of a circuit is the highest voltage that continuously appears between two arbitrary live parts under the worst case rated operating conditions when the PCE is used for the intended purpose (see the determination voltage class limits in 7.3.2).

3.13

Decoration

Parts that do not have a protective effect outside the enclosure.

3.14

Direct plug-in equipment

The power plug is a part of the main body and its weight is the equipment carried by the power outlet.

3.15

Double insulated double insulation

Insulation consisting of basic insulation plus additional insulation.

3.16

DVC A

That is, determine the voltage level A, which is defined in 7.3.2.

3.17

DVC B

That is, determine the voltage level B, which is defined in 7.3.2.

3.18

DVC C

That is to determine the voltage level C, which is defined in 7.3.2.

3.19

Electrical protective enclosure

The parts of the equipment that enclose the internal components in order to limit the area that is in danger of electric shock, energy or burn.

3.20

Enclosure

The components of the equipment that enclose the internal components to prevent external influences, flame spread, and danger.

3.21

Environment Category Environmental Category

The entire surrounding environment where PCE is installed is defined in Chapter 6.

3.22

Equipotential bonding

The electrical connections established between the conductive parts to achieve equipotentiality. [IEV 195-01-10].

Note: The effectiveness of the equipotential bonding depends on the frequency of the current in the connection.

3.23

Equipotential bonding conductor

An equipotential bonding conductor is realized between the metal parts.

3.24

EUT

The test equipment.

3.25

Fireproof shell

Encloses internal components and minimizes the components of the internal flame and the spread of combustion.

3.26

Fixed equipment

Equipment fixed on a fulcrum or protected in a special place [IEV 826-07-07].

3.27

Flammability classification of materials

The identification of the burning characteristics and extinguishing ability of the material after ignition. Materials are graded according to this specification and tests are conducted in accordance with IEC 60695-11-10, IEC 60695-11-20, ISO 9772 or ISO 9773.

NOTE 1 When using the requirements of this specification, HF-1 grades are considered better than HF-2 grades for foams, and HF-2 grades are preferred over HBF grades.

Note 2: Similarly, for other materials, including hard (engineering structure) foam materials, 5VA grade is considered better than 5VB grade, 5VB grade is better than V-0 grade, V-0 grade is better than V-1 grade, V-1 grade Better than V-2, V-2 is better than HB40, and HB40 is better than HB75.

Note 3: Similarly, for other materials, VTM-0 is considered better than VTM-1, and VTM-1 is better than VTM-2.

Note 4: Materials with a flammability rating of VTM-0, VTM-1, and VTM-2 can be considered equivalent to materials with flammability ratings of V-0, V-1, and V-2, respectively. However, this equivalence is limited to flammability, and their electronic and mechanical properties are not necessarily the same.

3.28

FNOM in

Rated AC input frequency

3.29

FNOM out

Rated AC output frequency

3.30

Functional earth terminal functional earth terminal

A terminal that is electrically connected directly to a component or circuit for the purpose of function rather than safety.

3.31

Functional insulation (FI)

The necessary insulation for the equipment to work properly.

Note: The functional insulation defined here does not protect against electric shock. But it can reduce the possibility of ignition and fire hazards.

3.32

Handheld equipment hand-held equipment

The portable device held by one hand can be used in normal use.

3.33

Danger

Potential source of injury.

3.34

Hazardous energy level

Voltage not less than 240VA, effective power level not less than 60s in duration, or storage energy level not less than 20J (eg from one or more capacitors) when the voltage is not less than 2V.

3.35

Dangerously charged hazardous live

Can cause electric shock or electric burn. As described in Chapter 7, the circuit or component may be a shock hazard or it may be an energy hazard.

3.36

Hazardous voltage

The voltage exceeding the limit of the shock hazard specified in 7.3.

3.37

Uniform field (distribution)

A uniform field is an electric field with an ideal constant voltage gradient between electrodes. For example, two spheres with a radius greater than the spacing.

3.38

AC input current Imax ac in

Under normal conditions, the maximum AC current input to the PCE at any voltage within the AC input operating voltage range.

3.39

AC output current Imax ac out

The maximum rated current that the PCE continues to output under normal conditions.

3.40

Battery input Imax battery in

Under normal conditions, the maximum DC current that the battery inputs to the PCE is the input voltage of any voltage within the operating voltage range.

3.41

Battery output Imax battery out

Under normal conditions, the maximum value of the rated DC current that the PCE continuously outputs (eg, charges the battery) to the battery.

3.42

Maximum photovoltaic input IMAX PV

The maximum DC current that the PV array inputs to the PCE at any voltage within the PV input voltage range (Vop PV).

3.43

(in the electric field) inhomogeneous distribution (of an electric field)

The non-uniform distribution of the electric field refers to an electric field (non-uniform electric field) without an ideal constant voltage gradient between the electrodes.

3.44

Maximum short-circuit output current Isc ac out

The maximum short circuit (fault) current that the AC output port of the PCE can output.

Note: The maximum short-circuit output current may change over time, so the current and time (or a set of values) must be specified.

3.45

PV Short Circuit Current Isc PV

Maximum PV array short-circuit current (DC) rating connected to the PV input of the PCE.

Note: This rating of the PCE refers to the maximum current input by the PV array to the PCE under pre-determined conditions of use, which is not equal to the simple addition of the nominal Isc of each component in the PV array. Because the nominal Isc of the component is the result of the measurement under standard test conditions, it may exceed the nominal value under conditions of low temperature or high solar radiation.

3.46

Limited power source

Power supply in accordance with the provisions of Article 9.2 of this specification.

3.47

Live parts

Conductors or conductive components that are energized during normal use, including neutral conductors.

3.48

Low voltage low voltage

It is used to distribute the current and the voltage between the lines or between the line and the neutral point is 1000V AC or 1500V DC.

3.49

Power mains

PCE is intended to be connected to a low-voltage AC power supply system.

3.50

Mains circuit

A circuit intended for electrical connection to mains power.

3.51

Mechanical enclosure

Enclose the internal components and reduce the parts of the equipment that are damaged by mechanical hazards and other physical hazards.

3.52

Normal condition

The PCE is installed and used according to its rated conditions and installation instructions, and all hazardous protective measures are in good condition.

3.53

Normal use normal use

Use according to instructions or intended use, including standby.

Note: In most cases, normal use is normal because the instruction manual will remind you not to use the device under abnormal conditions.

3.54

Operator operator

Person who uses the device as intended.

3.55

Operator access area

One of the following areas that the operator can access under normal operating conditions:

- areas that can be accessed without tools;

- areas that can be accessed in a predetermined manner;

- Areas in contact with the instructions, whether or not they require tools.

3.56

Overvoltage classification overvoltage category

Transient overvoltage conditions expressed in numbers [according to IEC 60664-1].

Note 1: See 7.3.7.1.2 for a description of Category 4 overvoltages.

NOTE 2 Transient overvoltages are defined as "oscillations or non-oscillating overvoltages with a duration of a few milliseconds or less, usually with strong damping" [IEV 604-03-13]. Transient overvoltage cannot be confused with transient overvoltage, which refers to "power frequency transient overvoltage with relatively long duration" [IEV

616-01-16].

3.57

Partial discharge extinction voltage(Ue)

The minimum voltage of the test voltage from the gradual decrease of the partial discharge voltage until the apparent charge is less than the specified discharge amplitude.

Note: Valid values ​​for AC test voltage apply.

3.58

Permanently connected equipment

Devices that are electrically connected to one or more power sources and can only be separated by tools.

3.59

Photovoltaic photovoltaic (PV)

Refers to the process of converting light directly into electrical energy.

3.60

Type A pluggable equipment pluggable equipment type A

It is intended that non-industrial plug connectors or non-industrial appliance couplers, or both, shall be connected to the building installation wiring.

Prepared.

3.61

Type B pluggable equipment pluggable equipment type B

It is intended to pass industrial plug sockets or industrial appliance couplers conforming to IEC 60309 or similar national standards, or both

Equipment connected to building installation wiring.

3.62

Maximum output power Pmax out

The maximum rated continuous output power output from one port of the PCE.

3.63

Pollution pollution

Attachment of foreign substances such as solids, liquids, or gases (ionized gases) may reduce dielectric strength and surface resistivity.

3.64

Pollution degree

The use of digital classification indicates the extent to which the micro-environment within or around the device is expected to be contaminated.

3.65

Pollution level 1

No pollution or only dry non-conductive pollution. Pollution has no effect on the equipment.

3.66

Pollution level 2

Usually only non-conducting contamination occurs, but the temporary conductivity that occasionally arises due to cohesion must be taken into consideration.

3.67

Pollution level 3 level 3

Conductive contamination occurs, or dry, non-conductive pollution is conductive due to expected agglomeration.

3.68

Portable equipment portable equipment

Scheduled removable plug-in devices.

3.69

Power conversion equipment(PCE)

An electrical device that converts a current or voltage source into another specific voltage, current, and frequency power source.

Note: Examples include AC-DC converters, DC-AC converters, DC-DC charge controllers, frequency converters, etc.

3.70

Protective connection

Electrically and electrically connect the accessible conductive member or protective shield to the protective conductor terminal.

3.71

Protective connecting conductor

Connect the conductors that make accessible conductive parts or protective shields to protect the connection.

3.72

Protection class I protective class I

Electrical shock is prevented by basic insulation and protective grounding of accessible conductive parts. Therefore, when the basic insulation fails, the accessible conductive member cannot be charged.

3.73

Protection class II protective class II

Not only basic insulation is used to prevent electric shock, but also additional safety precautions such as double insulation or reinforced insulation are provided. This protection does not rely on protective grounding nor on installation conditions.

3.74

Protection class III protective class III

A device that prevents electric shock by the power supply of the circuit that determines the voltage level A and does not generate a dangerous voltage by itself.

Note: For Class III equipment, although there is no requirement to prevent electric shock, it applies to all other requirements of this specification.

3.75

Protective earthing

To prevent electric shock in the event of a fault, connect a point in the equipment, system, or facility to the earth.

3.76

Protective earthing conductor

A conductor used to connect a point in a device, system, or facility to the earth to prevent electric shock in the event of a fault.

3.77

Protective conductor terminal protective

Connect the conductive parts of the device for safety purposes and provide connection terminals for the protective ground conductor.

3.78

Protective impedance

Equipment, components, or equipment combined with basic insulation and current-voltage limiting devices, when connecting accessible conductive parts and hazardous live parts, their impedance, structure and reliability are provided under the requirements of this specification under normal conditions and single fault conditions. More protection.

3.79

Protective separation

A structure that maintains isolation between circuits of different protection levels even in the single failure scenario described in 7.3.3.

Note: Protective isolation means that the circuits are isolated from each other by means of basic and additional protection (ie basic insulation plus additional insulation or protective shielding) or equivalent protective measures (eg reinforced insulation).

3.80

Rated Rated

The value [IEV 151-04-03], which is generally indicated by the manufacturer's specified working conditions for components, devices or equipment.

3.81

Rating Rating

A set of ratings and operating conditions [IEV 151-04-03].

3.82

Reference test conditions

4.2.2 The electrical, operational, and environmental test conditions specified.

3.83

Reinforced insulation reinforced insulation

A single insulation system added to a live part provides a level of protection against electric shock equivalent to double insulation under specified conditions.

Note: A single insulation system does not mean that the insulation must be a homogeneous substance. It can be composed of multiple insulation layers, but it cannot be tested by dividing it into basic insulation or additional insulation layer by layer.

3.84

Residual current residual-current

The sum of the current vectors through the normal current transfer conductors in the mains power supply circuit, expressed as rms.

3.85

Responsible body

Persons or groups responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment and for ensuring that operators are fully trained.

3.86

Risk risk

A comprehensive measure of the probability and severity of injury.

3.87

Routine test routine

Each device or device is tested during manufacturing or after manufacture to verify that it meets the relevant criteria [IEV 151-04-16, revised edition].

3.88

Safety interlock safety interlock

Measures to prevent the danger zone from being reached before the danger is eliminated, or to automatically eliminate dangerous conditions when the danger zone is touched.

3.89

Sample test

A random number of samples are taken from a batch of products for testing.

3.90

Secondary circuit

Instead of being connected directly to the mains power circuit, the power is supplied via a transformer, converter or equivalent isolation device, or a circuit powered by a battery or other power source (eg a photovoltaic array) that is not connected to the mains power circuit.

3.91

Maintenance personnel

Refers to persons who have received appropriate technical training and have the necessary experience. They can realize that they may pose a danger to them when performing an operation, and can take measures to minimize the danger to themselves or other people.

3.92

Single fault condition

A hazard prevention measure fails or there is a condition that can cause a dangerous failure.

Note: If a fault inevitably causes other faults, all these faults are treated as a single fault condition.

3.93

Supplementary insulation

The separate insulation added to the basic insulation provides protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the basic insulation.

3.94

Terminals terminal

Component for the electrical connection of devices or devices to external conductors [IEC 151-01-03, revised edition].

Note: Terminals include one or more contact points or terms and therefore also include sockets, connectors, etc.

3.95

Tools tool

Screwdriver, coin, key, or any other device that can be used to remove screws, pins, or similar fasteners.

3.96

Portable equipment transportable equipment

The non-fixed installation equipment with a weight of less than 18 kg that can be carried by the user.

3.97

Type test

One or more samples (prototypes) of the equipment (or parts of the equipment) are tested to determine whether the specific design and structure of the equipment meets one or more of the requirements of this specification [IEV 151-04-15, revised edition].

Note: This is an expanded interpretation of the definition of IEV 151-04-15 to cover both design and structure requirements.

3.98

Output VAmax out

The maximum rated continuous AC output volt-ampere output from an AC output port of the PCE.

3.99

PV input voltage Vmax PV

The maximum rated DC input voltage of the PV input of the PCE is the maximum open circuit voltage of the PV array that can be tolerated.

3.100

Rated AC input voltage VNOM ac in

PCE AC input port rated AC voltage.

3.101

Rated AC output voltage VNOM ac out

PCE AC output port rated AC voltage.

3.102

Rated battery voltage VNOM battery

The nominal DC voltage of the PCE battery port.

3.103

AC input operating voltage Vop ac in

The nominal AC input operating voltage range for normal operation of the PCE.

3.104

Battery input operating voltage Vop battery in

The nominal battery input operating voltage range for the normal operation of the PCE.

3.105

Battery output working voltage Vop battery out

The rated DC voltage range that the PCE can provide to charge the battery.

3.106

Photovoltaic operating voltage Vop PV

The nominal photovoltaic input operating voltage range for the normal operation of the PCE.

3.107

Wet area wet location

There are areas of water or other conductive liquids that may reduce body impedance due to wet contact between the human body and equipment or the human body and the environment.

3.108

Working voltage

When the PCE is operating under rated power conditions and worst-case normal operating conditions, the voltage appearing in the circuit or cross-insulation is predetermined.

Note 1: Valid values ​​can be used or repeated peaks can be used.

Note 2: Transient voltage and voltage fluctuations are negligible.

Note 3: All load conditions from open circuit to full load must be considered.

4 General test requirements

4.1 General requirements

The EUT shall be tested to demonstrate its full compliance with the relevant requirements of this specification. The provisions of this specification state:

- General conditions and requirements for conducting the test.

- Some tests (such as temperature tests) that are not related to a specific hazard but are actually necessary.

Those tests related to specific hazards will be separately described in the subsequent chapters.

If parts and components have already complied with the requirements of the relevant reference standards cited in this specification and are installed and used in accordance with the relevant standards, and the load in the complete machine does not exceed the load when the parts are individually tested for compliance, then the type of machine There is no need to repeat tests on components during the test.

In order to ensure that the equipment is not in danger under the humidity conditions specified in Table 6-1, EUT shall perform moisture pre-treatment according to the requirements of 4.5 before conducting certain tests specified in this specification.

To ensure that the test environment or measurement results meet the specified maximum and/or minimum limits, tolerances and measurement uncertainty should be considered.

In principle, all applicable projects must be tested to prove that the product meets the requirements of this specification. It can be intuitively judged through the inspection that the product can pass the test, which can be ignored.

The test is performed under reference test conditions (see 4.2.2). This specification also specifies normal test conditions and single failure test conditions.

4.2 General test conditions

4.2.1 Test Sequence

Unless otherwise stated in this specification, the tests shall be performed in the order specified in this article. After each test item, the EUT must be carefully checked for possible hazards. Unless otherwise stated, tests are not necessarily performed on the same sample.

4.2.2 Reference test conditions

4.2.2.1 Environmental conditions

Unless otherwise stated in this specification (for example, the definition of environmental classification in 6.1), the test site must meet the following environmental conditions:

a) Temperature 15°C to 40°C

b) Relative humidity 5% to 75%

c) Atmospheric pressure 75kPa to 106kPa

d) No frosting, condensation, seepage, rain, sunshine, etc.

4.2.2.2 Device Status

Samples of type tests should be representative and structurally and electrically consistent with the products actually produced in the future, so that the results of evaluation according to this specification can fully reflect the actual product conditions.

Unless otherwise stated, each test shall be carried out on equipment assembled under normal conditions of use in the most unfavourable combination of the test conditions specified in 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.10. If individual tests cannot be carried out on the complete machine, tests can be carried out on parts and components as long as it proves that the complete machine also meets the requirements of this specification.

4.2.2.3 Device Location

Test equipment should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and select the configuration that leads to the worst test conditions. In addition, consideration should be given to ventilation effects, as well as factors such as installation in walls, alcove or cabinets, and installation near buildings or other equipment.

4.2.2.4 Attachments

Accessories and replaceable accessories provided or recommended by the manufacturer should be selected for connection to the device under test in the most unfavorable circumstances.

4.2.2.5 Shell and Removable Parts

Shells and components that can be removed without the need for tools should be selected for removal in the most unfavorable circumstances.

4.2.2.6 Grid power supply

Results Test items that are not significantly affected by grid power conditions can be tested under any rated power supply conditions. The test items whose results may be significantly affected by the power supply conditions of the grid should be carried out under the worst-case power supply conditions, or various rating conditions and tolerances should be taken into consideration as follows:

a) Voltage: The voltage tolerance is generally from 90% to 110% of the rated voltage unless the specification gives a wider range. It is only necessary to select a voltage between normal voltage or extreme voltage to test if the extreme voltage is not the worst condition.

b) Frequency: Consideration should be given to multiple rated frequencies, such as 50Hz and 60Hz. However, the tolerance of the rated frequency does not need to be considered.

c) Polarity: For pluggable Class A equipment, if the results of the test may be affected by polarity, the positive and negative polarity connections should be considered separately.

d) Grounding: The grounding of the power supply is determined by the configuration of the EUT. For equipment that can be powered from both ground and ungrounded power sources, the worst case conditions should be selected, or both conditions should be tested.

e) Overcurrent protection: Overcurrent protection devices shall be provided in the input circuit according to the actual situation. Except for the tests under single fault conditions, overcurrent protection does not allow action in test items under other normal conditions.

4.2.2.7 Non-grid Power Ports

Within the rated range of each power port, select the most unfavorable combination of conditions for testing. Consider voltage, frequency, polarity, grounding, and other normal conditions that may affect the test results.

The over current protection device should be provided in the input circuit according to the actual situation. Except for the tests under single fault conditions, overcurrent protection does not allow action in test items under other normal conditions.

For photovoltaic and battery input, add the following requirements:

4.2.2.7.1 Photovoltaic power supply

If the test results are likely to be affected by the voltage-current characteristics of the power supply, the photovoltaic power supply used in the test shall simulate the voltage-current characteristics of the largest photovoltaic array that the equipment under test is suitable for. The maximum PV array is determined based on the nominal open circuit voltage (VMAX PV) and short circuit current (ISC PV) of the EUT.

For power supplies used in tests under abnormal or fault conditions, the maximum current output shall be 1.25 to 1.5 times the rated maximum input current (ISC PV) of the EUT. Any built-in or specified PCE overcurrent protection device must not be replaced or changed.

NOTE: The characteristics of the PV array must be considered when selecting test conditions for the PV power supply. That is, the output current is the minimum when the output voltage is maximum, but the output voltage is the minimum when the output current is the maximum. It is therefore not possible to test with the largest current and voltage of the photovoltaic power source.

4.2.2.7.2 Battery Input

The battery input port can be powered by a DC power supply or a battery pack, except for failure tests. Since the size of the fault current may affect the test results, the fault test should be performed with the same specifications as the normal use of the battery pack.

4.2.2.8 Output Port Load Conditions

The test shall be conducted under the most unfavorable load conditions, taking into account voltage, frequency, polarity, grounding, load current and type, and other normal conditions that may affect the test results within the nominal range of each port. The AC output port should be connected to a linear resistive load or reactance load, adjusted to the maximum rated output power or current, and select the most unfavorable of the two. The DC output port (such as the battery charging output port or the DC load port) should be connected to a resistive load and adjusted to the maximum rated output power or current, choosing the most unfavorable case. For ports intended to be connected to the battery, the battery may be used instead of the load or the battery may be connected in parallel with the load if the test results may be affected.

Unless otherwise specified in this specification, the load conditions shall be maintained for a certain period of time according to the following requirements:

- For continuous operation, keep until stable conditions are established. If the device under test has only PV power input, it will last for 7 hours under full power condition (simulate daylight conditions);

- For intermittent operation, follow the nominal "on" and "off" cycles until a stable condition is established;

- For a short-term operation, the nominal operating time is achieved.

4.2.2.9 Ground Terminal

If the device has a protective earth terminal, it should be grounded during the test. The functional grounding terminal is grounded and its worst case is selected.

4.2.2.10 Controller

In addition to the following conditions, the controller for operator adjustment can be set arbitrarily.

a) The power selection controller should be set to the correct position unless otherwise stated in this specification;

b) If the combination of settings prohibited in the manufacturer's operating instructions is not to be used, if the device has a protective grounding terminal, the test should be grounded. The functional grounding terminal is grounded and its worst case is selected.

4.2.2.11 Achievable short-circuit current

The power supply used in the test should be considered if its short-circuit current capacity may affect the test results. If a large short-circuit current is required to achieve the worst-case test conditions, then the power used in the test shall not be less than the maximum short-circuit current of the PCE.

Note: Some tests may reach the worst case when less than the maximum short-circuit current, such as when the current hours require longer test times.

4.3 Thermal test

4.3.1 General Requirements

This clause specifies the requirements for protection against the following factors:

- accessible parts that exceed the safe temperature;

- Parts, parts, insulation, and plastic materials that exceed specific temperatures. When used within the expected life of the device, electrical, mechanical, and other performance may be reduced if this temperature is exceeded.

- Structures and mounting surfaces that exceed specific temperatures. Exceeding this temperature may shorten the expected life of the device.

4.3.2 Maximum temperature

Under the most severe working conditions, the temperature of the materials and components used in the equipment must not exceed the limits specified below.

To demonstrate that the equipment meets the maximum temperature limits, temperature measurements shall be made under the test conditions specified in 4.2, taking into account all the various rated operating conditions and modes that may affect the temperature measurement.

The temperature limit specified below is the total temperature limit (not the temperature rise limit). For equipment capable of operating at ambient temperatures up to 40°C, the test may be performed at any ambient temperature within the limits specified in Table 4.2.2.1. However, the difference between the actual test ambient temperature and the maximum ambient temperature of the equipment must be used. The measurement results are corrected (plus or minus) and then compared with the temperature limits specified below.

For equipment that operates primarily at ambient temperatures above 40°C, the test ambient temperature shall be within ±5°C of the maximum rated ambient temperature.

If the test ambient temperature is not equal to the maximum rated ambient temperature, the temperature measurement results shall be corrected (plus or minus) using the difference between the actual test ambient temperature and the highest rated ambient temperature of the equipment, and then follow the temperature limits specified below. Compare.

如果PCE有不同的额定输出功率，或者输出功率可以随环境温度的不同而自动调节，则应在各种环境温度条件下进行试验，直到测得最差的温度。

在正常条件的热试验中，保护装置不应启动。

温度测量一般应使用热电偶法。对于线圈，可以用电阻变化法进行测量。

限值：

——对于线圈及其绝缘系统，适用表4-1规定的温度限值。

——对于其他零部件，实测温度不应超过以下规定的最低限值：

·零部件适用的IEC 标准

·零部件或材料制造商标称的工作温度

·若以上两者均无，则适用表4-2规定的温度限值

——对于EUT表面或者附近的表面，适用表4-3规定的温度限值。

4.4单一故障条件试验

4.4.1一般要求

单一故障条件下的试验用于防止合理预期故障条件导致的危险。这些故障条件可能在正常使用中产生，也可能在预期可能发生的误用中产生。

对于特定的故障条件，如果确实证明其不会导致危险，或者本规范规定了替代试验方法，则故障试验可以省略。

故障试验须在4.4.2规定的试验条件下，针对4.4.4规定的每种故障条件进行，然后按照4.4.3规定的判据确定是否符合要求。

4.4.2故障试验的试验条件和持续时间

4.4.2.1一般要求

受试设备应按照4.2规定，工作在对当前进行的故障试验最不利的组合条件下。

注：为故障试验配置电源时，应考虑一些特殊情况。即对于某些故障试验，使用小于PCE最大额定输入电流或功率的电源，相对与使用达到最大额定电流的电源，条件可能更加严酷。试验持续时间可能因为电源受到限制而变得更长，导致故障部位发热更加严重。例如对于受试设备的PV输入端，如果使用小于ISCmax的模拟PV矩阵作为电源，试验结果会更差。

每次试验只设置一个故障条件，顺序可便宜选择。多个故障条件不能同时设置，但是如果它们之间存在因果关系，可以依次进行。多个故障试验可以在不同的样品上进行；也可以在同一个样品上进行，只要前一个故障可以修复或者不影响后续试验结果。

4.4.2.2试验持续时间

设备应持续工作直到所施加的故障不再导致更多变化。可以根据一些现象来判断，例如消除故障影响的装置已经启动，或者温度已经达到平衡，等等。

如果受试设备安装了可以中断或减轻故障条件的装置或电路，则试验持续时间应按照以下要求：

——自动重置的装置或电路：允许该保护装置进入开-关循环，直到所施加的故障不再导致更多变化并获得最后试验结果，或者温度达到了平衡。

——手工重置的装置或电路：保护装置或电路被触发后以最快速度手工重置，持续三个循环。

——不可重置的装置或电路：一个循环。

4.4.3施加故障条件后的合格判据

4.4.3.1对触电危险的防护

施加单一故障条件之后，受试设备应同时满足以下关于触电危险的防护要求：

a)根据7.3.6.3.3进行测量，确认可触及导电部位不存在触电危险；

b)符合7.5.2的绝缘强度试验要求。试验前无须潮湿预处理，按以下等级进行：

i）对于加强绝缘或双重绝缘，采用基本绝缘的试验等级；

ii）对于一类保护设备的基本绝缘，采用基本绝缘的试验等级。如果能够确定故障不会影响保护接地导体或端子以及其他保护连接方式，因而不会导致任何触电危险，则此项绝缘强度试验可以忽略不做。

c)检查受试设备的外壳是否损坏，确保存在带电危险和机械危险的部位不被触及。

4.4.3.2对火焰蔓延的防护

为检验受试设备满足对火焰蔓延的防护要求，在故障试验期间，受试设备要放在覆盖一层白纸的软木屑上，同时蒙上纱布或药棉。如果是大型设备，纱布或药棉也可以只放在设备的孔隙上。

火区不能溅出熔化的金属、燃烧的绝缘材料、以及有焰燃烧或无焰灼烧的颗粒。而且，纸巾和纱布不能碳化、灼烧或燃烧，药棉不能灼烧或燃烧。

4.4.3.3对其他危险的防护

故障试验后受试设备对其他危险的防护要求，按照本规范其他章节的相关规定进行检查。

4.4.3.4对零件抛出危险的防护

PCE内的任何部件，在失效时均不能以危险方式向外抛出零件。例如，材料抛射到有人活动的区域。

4.4.4要施加的单一故障条件

4.4.4.1元器件故障试验

首先进行电路分析，确定哪些元器件（包括绝缘系统）的故障可能导致燃烧或触电危险。电路分析应包括元器件短路和开路的影响。根据分析结果，将故障条件施加到相关的元器件，模拟实际使用中可能发生的方式。一般情况下，一个元器件只需要施加一种故障（短路或开路），除非该元器件没有一种主要的故障模式。

模拟的故障包括以下方面：

a)相关元器件的短路或开路；

b)元器件或绝缘的短路或开路，若其故障可能影响附加绝缘或加强绝缘；

c)此外，按照9.1.1方法2的要求，可能导致着火危险的元器件，如果不满足9.1.3的要求，则应施加过载条件。

注1：过载条件可以是正常负载和最大短路电流条件之间的任意条件。

注2：如果在其他故障试验（例如输出短路试验）中已经进行了等效的试验，元器件故障试验无须重复进行。

4.4.4.2短期或断续运行的设备或零部件

短时间或断续运行的零部件部件，例如电机、继电器、以及其他电磁装置和加热器，如果在施加单一故障条件后能够连续运行，则应使之连续运行。

4.4.4.3电机

电机应在最大激励时停转，或者阻止其启动。二者选择最不利条件。

4.4.4.4变压器短路试验

变压器的输出绕线应依次短路。试验中损坏的变压器，在下一次试验之前可以修复或更坏。

4.4.4.5输出短路

对PCE的每路输出及其每个分支，应逐个进行模拟负载短路的试验。PCE自带的或安装说明书规定的过流保护装置，在试验期间应安装在设备上。所有其他输出是否带载，取决于哪种正常负载条件对试验结果更为不利。

除了4.4.3的要求，还要把短路电流记录下来。而且，如果短路电流超过电路的最大额定电流，则测量到的最大短路电流须写入安装手册中，作为选择外部导线过流保护装置的参考（见5.3.2）。

4.4.4.6多路供电设备的反馈电流试验

对于能够连接一路以上电源的设备，应对PCE的每路输入逐个进行试验，以确定故障条件是否会导致电流从一个电源流入到另一个电源的配线上。

在PCE正常工作时，对要试验的一路电源的输入端施加短路；其他路电源则与PCE正常连接，包括串接应有的过流保护装置。施加短路的方式是使用一截短导线，其类型和尺寸与正常连接到该电源输入端的导线相同。短路方式的电流容量要足够大，阻抗要足够小（相对于导体），对试验结果不产生显著影响。

除了4.4.3的要求，还要把短路电流记录下来。而且，如果短路电流超过电路的最大额定电流，则测量到的最大短路电流须写入安装手册中，作为选择外部导线过流保护装置的参考（见5.3.2）。

4.4.4.7输出过载

对PCE的每路输出及其每个分支，应逐个施加过载。其他配线带载与否，取决于哪种正常负载条件对试验结果更为不利。过载条件通过串接可变电阻器来施加。

电阻器以最快速度调节到过载位置并维持1分钟。若有必要，可在1分钟后重复该过程。

如果过流保护是通过电流敏感装置或电路来实现，则过载试验电流为过流保护装置1小时内不发生动作的最大电流。若该电流值无法从规格书中得到，应通过试验来确定。试验之前，将过流保护装置设置于无效状态，或代之以阻抗可忽略的导体。

对于达到规定过载电流时输出电压自动消失的设备，应缓慢增加输出功率到输出电压即将消失的状态。

对于其他情况，试验负载为受试端口能输出的最大功率。

4.4.4.8冷却系统故障

设备冷却系统按以下要求设置故障，每次设置一个：

a)完全堵住或部分堵住进风口；

b)堵转或断开冷却风扇，一次一个；

c)循环水或其他冷却液应停止或部分限制；

4.4.4.9加热装置

对设备中一体化的加热装置，逐个施加一下故障条件：

a)取消限制加热周期的定时器，使加热电路连续工作；

b)对温控装置或电路施加单一故障条件，使之不能控制加热装置。符合14.3要求的过温保护装置在试验期间正常工作。

4.4.4.10安全联锁系统

用于保护操作人员的安全联锁系统的每个部分都要依次短路或开路，以确认当外盖无需工具便可移除时该系统是否还能防止触及危险。

4.4.4.11反向直流连接

外部直流连接应施加极性相反的连接，除非其连接方式能够防止反接。

4.4.4.12电压选择开关失配

对使用电压选择开关来调节或匹配电源电压的设备，将电压选择开关设置到任意位置并连接任意额定电源。

4.4.4.13相序或极性错误的误接线

如果接地单相电源以错误相序或错误极性连接到设备的交流电源端口可能引起危险，则应进行误接线试验。

4.4.4.14印制线路板短路试验

若7.3.7.7允许印制线路板上功能绝缘的间距小于表7-7和表7-8（见7.3.7.7）的规定，应按以下要求进行试验。

对每个小于规定间距的地方依次施加短路，并保持短路直到不再发生其他伤害。PCE集成的或规定要使用的过流保护允许打开。每次试验期间或试验后，PCE应符合4.4.3的要求。

4.5潮湿预处理

4.5.1一般要求

如果本规范其他条款要求在试验前对EUT进行潮湿预处理，按以下湿度条件进行。

4.5.2条件

预处理时设备不工作。电子元器件、外盖和其他零部件，若能够徒手拆除，则应拆除后与主体一同进行湿度预处理。

预处理在相对湿度为92.5%RH±2.5%RH的湿度试验箱中进行。试验箱内空气温度保持在40℃±2℃。

在加湿之前，设备先加热到40℃±2℃，通常需要在该温度下放置至少4小时。试验箱内的空气应流动起来，而且能防止设备上出现凝露。

设备在试验箱内保持48小时。湿度试验后，允许在4.2.2.1规定的环境条件下恢复2小时后再进行后续的试验。恢复期间，无通风设备的外盖应打开。

4.6电压反馈保护

在正常和单一故障条件下，每路电源端口在该路电源关闭或断开后均不得出现危险电压或能量。断开或关闭电源视为一种正常条件，而非施加的故障条件。

PCE按正常工作要求连接所有电源并加电工作。

不用工具进入设备内部就不能断开或关闭的内部电源（例如内部电池），不要求进行试验。

各路电源之间的半导体装置要施加短路，但不算作一个故障。然后，在此基础上施加单一故障。

4.6.1正常工作条件下的反馈试验

对于每路输入电源，先断开电源试验一次，再关闭电源试验一次（如果可以关闭）。

注：关闭电源是要模拟电源不提供电压和电流的条件，但电路上的供电设备和其他负载保持连接，对PCE来讲是一个低阻抗。断开电源则是一个高阻抗。关闭电源的例子包括光伏阵列没有光照，以及电网断电等。

4.6.2单一故障条件下的反馈试验

4.6.1的试验在每个单一故障条件下重复一次。根据电路分析选择故障条件，重点考虑在不同电源之间控制和传输能量的装置。

4.6.3反馈试验的合格判据

若PCE的各个电源端子在4.6.1和4.6.2的试验中没有出现危险电压和能量，则认为PCE符合要求。电压和能量的测量在关闭或断开电源之后15s或1s进行，按以下要求：

——对于固定接线的电源，15s后测量；

——对于用电线或连接器连接但无须工具即可断开的电源，1s后测量。

4.7电气参数试验

4.7.1额定输入

在4.2.2规定的参考试验条件下运行时，测得的连续输入电流或功率，不应超过额定输入的10%。

4.7.2额定输出

在4.2.2规定的参考试验条件下运行时，PCE的每个输出端应能够输出额定的功率或电流，此时过流保护装置不应启动，若过温保护系统动作时不应关机。测得的连续输出电流或功率，不应超过额定输出的10%。

5标识和文档要求

5.1标识

5.1.1一般要求

设备应施加5.1和5.2规定的标识。

除内部零部件的标识之外，所有标识在设备安装之后都要能从外部看见；为操作人员设计的不需要工具即可打开的盖或门，打开之后能够看见标识也可以。针对整个设备的标识不应施加在操作人员不需要工具即可拆卸的零部件上。

对于机架或面板嵌装式设备，允许从机架或面板上携下来之后看见标识。

标识中可以使用图形符号，但须依照表D-1或IEC 60417相关要求。在随PCE提供的文档应解释所使用的图形符号。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.2标识的耐久性

本条款要求的施加在PCE上的标识，在正常使用条件下要保持清晰可辨，而且能够耐受制造商所指定的清洗剂的腐蚀。

本条款符合性通过检查和对设备外部的标识进行以下耐久性试验来检验。用浸渍了指定清洗剂的布，以正常压力手工快速擦拭标识30s。若制造商没有指定清洗剂，则用异丙醇替代。擦拭之后，标识须保持清晰可辨，粘贴标签不能松脱或卷边。

5.1.3识别标识

设备至少应永久标注以下内容：

a)制造商或供应商的名称或商标；

b)用于识别设备的型号或命名；

c)用于识别产地、批次或日期的序列号、代码或其它标识。批次或日期准确到3个月以内。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.4设备定额

除非本规范其他部分有特别规定，设备上应标注以下适用的的定额：

——输入电压、电压类型（交流或直流）、频率、以及每个输入端的最大连续电流；

——输出电压、电压类型（交流或直流）、频率、最大连续电流，以及交流输出端的功率或功率因数；

——保护等级（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）；

——过电压等级；

——第6章要求的环境条件。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.5熔断器标识

熔断器标识应给出额定电流。若熔断器适用于不同电压，标识还应给出额定电压。标识应靠近熔断器或熔断器座，或者直接标注在熔断器座上。也可以标注在其他位置，只要能够明显区分标识所指的熔断器。

如果必须使用特定熔断特性（例如延迟时间和断开容量）的熔断器，则应标明熔断器类型。

对于安装在操作人员接触区以外的熔断器，以及在操作人员接触区内但固定焊接的熔断器，可以只标注一个明确的参考符号（例如F1、F2等），指向维修说明中的相关信息。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.6端子、连接和控制器

如果安全方面有必要，应给出端子、连接器、控制器和指示器以及他们的各种位置的指示，包括冷却液加注和排泄的连接。可以参考表D-1给出的符号；如果位置不够，可以用表D-1中的第9个符号。

注：有多个管脚的信号、控制和通讯用连接器，不必逐个管脚进行标注，只须标明整个连接器的用途。如果不是标准连接器（例如RS232），随设备提供的说明书中必须给出各个管脚的解释。

紧急制动装置的按钮和制动器，用于警示危险或指示需要紧急处理的指示灯，均须使用红色。

多电压供电设备要标明出厂时设置的电压。该标识允许用纸标签或其它非永久性材料。

设备的直流端子要明确标注连接的极性：

——“+”号表示正极，“-”号标识负极；或者

——其他能够明白无误地说明极性的图形符号；

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.6.1保护导体端子

保护接地导体的连接端子用以下方式标注：

——表D-1中的第7个符号；

——字母“PE”；

——黄绿色符号。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.7开关和断路器

开关和断路器的开与关位置要标注清楚。如果电源采用按钮开关，可以使用表D-1中的第10个或第16个符号来标注“开”的位置，用第11个或第17个符号来标注“关”的位置。这些符号要配对使用，即用第10个与第16个，或用第11个和第17个。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.8 Ⅱ类设备

整体采用了II类保护的设备，应标注表D-1中的第12个符号。只是局部使用了双重绝缘或加强绝缘的设备则不能标注该符号。

如果这类设备采用了功能接地连接（见7.3.6.4），则应标注表D-1中的第6个符号。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.1.9外部连接的出线盒

如果端子或接线盒内其他零部件的温度过高，根据表4-2注1的要求，接线端子旁边要有标识，而且连接操作之前能够看见。标识内容可以是以下两种之一：

a)预定连接到端子的线缆的额定最低温度和尺寸；或者，

b)警告安装者查询安装说明书的警告标识。可以用表D-1中的第9个符号。

本条款符合性通过检查和4.3的温度测量来检验。

5.2警告标识

5.2.1警告标识的可见性和易辨性要求

警告标识在设备安装就绪后应可以看见。如果警告标识是针对设备的特定零部件，则标识必须该零部件之上或附件。

警告标识要容易辨认，最小尺寸要求如下：

——印刷符号高度至少为2.75mm；

——印刷文字高度至少为1.5mm，颜色上与背景形成反差；

——铸造、压印或雕刻在材料上的符号或文字，字符高度至少2.0mm；如果在颜色上跟背景没有反差，字符凹入或浮起的高度至少0.5mm。

如果有必要引用安装手册中提到的有关保护措施，设备上可以标注表D-1中的第9个符号。

表D-1中的第9个符号不要求与手册中解释的其他符号联用。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.2.2警告标识的内容

5.2.2.1不接地热沉和类似零部件

不接地热沉或其他零部件，如果有可能被误认为是接地部分而存在7.3所述的电击危险，则应标注表D-1中第13个符号或等效的其他符号。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.2.2.2灼热表面

温度超过4.3.2规定限值的PCE零部件应标注表D-1中的第14个符号。

本条款符合性通过检查和4.3的温度测量来检验。

5.2.2.3冷却液

设备如果有温度超过70℃的冷却液，应在外部明显标注表D-1中的第15个符号，并确保安装后能够看见。文档中要有关于冷却液烫伤的警告，并且包含以下两项内容之一：

a)说明冷却系统只能由维修人员来维护；或者，

b)给出对冷却系统进行安全通风、排泄或其他处理的指导。前提是操作人员无须进入设备内部接触危险就能进行这些处理。

本条款符合性通过检查和4.3的温度测量来检验。

5.2.2.4存储的能量

若7.3.9.2或7.4.2有要求，PCE应标注表D-1中的第21个符号，而且符号旁边要标注电容器放电至安全电压或能量水平的时间。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.2.2.5电机防护罩

如果8.2有要求，应在维修人员拆卸电机防护罩之前能够看见的地方标注警告标识，并给出安全维护指示（例如拆卸防护罩之前先断开电源）。

本条款符合性通过检查来检验。

5.2.3声危险的标识和指示

如果10.2.1有要求，PCE应：

a)施加标识，警告操作人员存在声压危险；

b)在安装说明中规定正确的安装方法，保证设备安装就绪后再正常使用位置产生的声压级低于危险数值。安装说明要指出安装调试中可能用到的防护材料和措施，包括安装降噪的挡板或罩子等。

这些材料和措施要易获得、可操作。

本条款符合性通过检查和第10章的测量来检验。

5.2.4多路供电设备

能够连接多路电源的设备，要标注表D-1中的第13个符号，或者标注以

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